I was having several issues when trying to install applications such as LateX and others on my computer.

The errors I was obtaining were related to the grub-efi-amd64 and a possible library not found.

Setting up grub-efi-amd64 (2.02~beta3-5) ...
/var/lib/dpkg/info/grub-efi-amd64.config: 1: /etc/default/grub: et#: not found
dpkg: error processing package grub-efi-amd64 (--configure):
 subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 127
Errors were encountered while processing:
 grub-efi-amd64
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

Visiting several websites, I've found the following recommendation:

sudo apt-get purge grub\*
sudo apt-get install grub-efi
sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo update-grub

With this, I'm removing completely anything related to grub and then reinstalling and updating it afterwards.

When trying again to download and install the TexLive packages (according the instructions provided here), I no longer obtain any errors, and I was able to run TexMaker with no issues:

aviola@kali:~$ sudo apt-get install texlive-full
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
texlive-full is already the newest version (2016.20170123-5).
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 532 not upgraded.

aviola@kali:~$ sudo apt-get install texmaker
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
texmaker is already the newest version (4.5-1).
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 532 not upgraded.
aviola@kali:~$